Cow Health & Welfare

Fact:

Bovaer® is proven to reduce methane in cattle with no compromise on animal health or productivity.


The debate:

“Bovaer® has been linked to reports of cattle sickness and diarrhea, as well as claims of reproductive issues or shortened lifespans.”


What evidence shows:

Bovaer® is safe for cows. Animal health and welfare have been studied alongside methane reduction throughout its development. Research has examined feed intake, milk yield, composition, fertility, and wider animal health, drawing on controlled studies, long-duration research, and commercial farm experience. Bovaer® is now fed daily to more than 500,000 cattle across more than 25 countries.

 

Sources:

  1. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP). Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of 3-nitrooxypropanol (Bovaer® 10) for ruminants, 2021. https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6905
  2. van Gastelen, S. et al. Long-term effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol on methane emission and performance in dairy cows (64-cow, full-year trial, Wageningen University). Journal of Dairy Science, 107, 5556–5573, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2023-24198
  3. Martins, C. et al. Lactational Performance Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Supplementation to Dairy Cows: A Meta-Regression. Journal of Dairy Science, 108(2), 1538–1553, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2024-25653
  4. Institut de l'Élevage (Idele), Bel, APBO & dsm-firmenich (2023). Distribuer du Bovaer® dans des exploitations laitières : quelle faisabilité et quels résultats pour réduire les émissions de méthane ? Link
  5. dsm-firmenich. 20,000 cows, 18 months — what large-scale farm data tells us about Bovaer® in the Netherlands (company article on the Agrifirm/FrieslandCampina on-farm pilot, June 2022–December 2023). https://www.dsm-firmenich.com/en/businesses/taste-texture-health/news-events/articles/dairy/20000-cows-18-months-what-large-scale-farm-data-tells-us-about-bovaer-in-the-netherlands.html
  6. dsm-firmenich. What dairy farmers actually experienced using Bovaer® on farm in France and Poland (company article on the Savencia on-farm pilot). https://www.dsm-firmenich.com/en/businesses/taste-texture-health/news-events/articles/dairy/what-dairy-farmers-actually-experienced-using-bovaer.html

Want to hear it directly from the farmers using it? See what farmers say.

Bovaer® | Sustainable Dairy and Low Methane Farming

Fact:

Reducing methane with Bovaer® does not kill microbes or disrupt cows’ digestion. It keeps reducing methane consistently over long-term use.


The question:

“Does Bovaer® change the rumen microbes?” “Does Bovaer® stop working over time as the rumen adapts to it?”


How Bovaer® works:

Bovaer® has a specific and temporary mode of action. It targets a single enzyme used by specific rumen microbes during the final step of methane production. It does not kill microbes, disrupt digestion, or negatively affect the cow’s health or welfare. Once consumed, Bovaer® is rapidly broken down into compounds naturally present in feed. Its effect is reversible, meaning methane production returns to previous levels when supplementation stops.

Studies conducted over full lactation periods of more than 12 months show that Bovaer® maintains a consistent methane-reducing effect without affecting animal performance, health, or welfare. Research also shows that normal rumen function is maintained over time.

 

Sources:

  1. Duin, E.C., Wagner, T., Shima, S., Prakash, D., Cronin, B., Yáñez‑Ruiz, D., Duval, S., Rümbeli, R., Stemmler, R.T., Thauer, R.K., & Kindermann, M. Mode of action uncovered for the specific reduction of methane emissions from ruminants by the small molecule 3-nitrooxypropanol. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 113(22), 6172–6177, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600298113
  2. van Gastelen, S. et al. Long-term effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol on methane emission and performance in dairy cows (64-cow, full-year trial, Wageningen University). Journal of Dairy Science, 107, 5556–5573, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2023-24198
  3. Huber, K. et al. Investigation of the effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol in dairy cow feeding (1-year study, LfL Bavarian State Research Centre for Agriculture, Germany; 48 cows). Abstract #342, in Bovaer® — Summary of Recent Scientific Research and Findings, GGAA 2025. dsm-firmenich, October 2025. ggaa2025-bovaer-summary-abstract-booklet.pdf
  4. Kirwan et al (2023) Effects of dietary supplementation with 3-nitrooxypropanol on enteric methane production, rumen fermentation, and performance in young growing beef cattle offered a 50:50 forage:concentrate diet Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, 2024, skad399, Link
  5. Ni, G. et al. (2025) 'Methanogenesis inhibition remodels microbial fermentation and stimulates acetogenesis in ruminants', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(41), e2514823122. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2514823122 (Accessed: 28 September 2026). Link

Fact:

An independent investigation commissioned by the Danish government found no evidence of a link between Bovaer® and the animal-health issues reported by Danish farmers.


The debate:

“Some Danish farmers reported herd-health issues in 2025 and questioned whether there could be a link with Bovaer®.”


What we know:

During autumn 2025, Denmark rapidly adopted Bovaer® across its dairy sector following mandatory methane-reduction requirements. Some farmers reported issues, and the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration commissioned Aarhus University to analyze the impact of Bovaer® in Danish dairy production.

Aarhus University analyzed 73 herds and approximately 27,650 cows. The analysis found no evidence of negative effects on milk yield, cow mortality, mastitis, or digestive and metabolic disorders linked to Bovaer®.

This does not mean individual farmers did not have real and difficult experiences that autumn; many did. The independent herd-level data analysis found that, in aggregate, no causal link to Bovaer® could be identified at herd level. At the same time, the underlying causes of the reported herd-health issues have not yet been fully established, and investigations remain ongoing.

 

Sources:

  1. Aarhus University (DCA). Ny rapport om Bovaer: Ingen samlet stigning i dødelighed eller fald i mælkeydelse (news article), 2026. New report on Bovaer: No overall increase in mortality or decrease in milk yield
  2. Aarhus University (DCA), report commissioned by the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, published spring 2026. Webinar presentation: 5 May 2026. https://pure.au.dk/portal/da/publications/afd%C3%A6kning-af-mulige-negative-effekter-ved-bovaer-fodring-i-praksi/
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